Lymphoedema therapy

Compression therapy involves the use of garments or bandages that apply consistent pressure to the affected limb. The pressure helps move lymph fluid out of the swollen area and back into the body’s circulation, preventing the fluid from accumulating.

During the initial intensive phase of treatment, short-stretch bandages are applied to the swollen limb to provide pressure and support. These bandages are used when the goal is to reduce swelling as quickly as possible.

After initial decongestion is achieved, compression garments such as sleeves, stockings, or gloves are used for maintenance therapy. These garments should be worn regularly throughout the day to keep the swelling under control. The exact size and level of compression is prescribed by your therapist based on your individual needs. These may be available in an off-the-shelf product, or you may be better served by a custom garment. Regardless, the elastic does eventually wear out, thus garments lose effectiveness over time. Compression garments should therefore be replaced 6 monthly.

Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD) is a specialized form of massage therapy designed to stimulate the flow of lymph fluid and reduce swelling. MLD is based on gentle, rhythmic strokes that encourage lymph fluid to move from swollen areas towards functional lymphatic channels. This technique helps clear out the excess fluid that has built up in the affected area, reducing swelling and promoting healing.

MLD is typically performed by a trained therapist who applies light pressure in specific patterns to facilitate the drainage of lymph fluid. While it can be used on its own, it is often combined with other therapies for optimal results.

Pneumatic compression devices are machines that use air-filled sleeves or cuffs to apply intermittent pressure to the affected limb. This technology mimics the natural flow of lymph fluid, enhancing circulation and facilitating the movement of fluid out of the swollen area. The device inflates and deflates in a cyclical pattern, applying pressure to the limb, then releasing it, which helps push the fluid through the lymphatic vessels and back into the body. Pneumatic compression devices are typically used at home and under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

People with lymphoedema are more susceptible to infections due to the compromised immune function in the affected area. Infection causes scarring of your remaining lymphatics, which may permanently damage them and make your lymphoedema irreversibly worse. Good skin care is essential for preventing infections and minimizing complications.

Moisturize daily: Keeping the skin well-hydrated helps prevent dryness, cracking, and infection. Use non-scented, hypoallergenic creams or oils to maintain skin elasticity and prevent irritation.
Cleanse regularly: Gently wash the affected area using mild soap and warm water. Avoid scrubbing or harsh chemicals that can damage the skin.
Inspect skin regularly: Check the skin for cuts, blisters, or signs of infection, especially if swelling or discomfort worsens. Prompt treatment can help avoid severe complications.
Avoid trauma: Be cautious to avoid injury to the swollen area, as small cuts or abrasions can lead to infections.
Seek help promptly: Early treatment with antibiotics can help avoid severe infection and hospital admissions. Signs of infection include redness, pain or warmth around the swollen area, and fevers or chills.

Physical activity plays an essential role in managing lymphoedema. Regular, gentle exercise helps move lymph fluid out of the affected limb by using your leg muscles to pump deeper lymphatic channels. This reduces swelling and promotes better lymphatic function. Range-of-motion exercises can help maintain or improve joint mobility, especially if the swelling limits movement.

In addition to benefitting your lymphoedema, regular aerobic exercise also improves your cardiovascular fitness and overall health, which is an important part of a normal healthy lifestyle.